Leslie Desmond’s blog page

I just added a link to Leslie’s blog, to my Links page. Here’s the description from the site:

“In this blog you can follow how Leslie’s approach is helping horses coast-to-coast and gain insight about how to work with horses through “feel and release”. We will post photos, audio clips and video clips as they become available, including highlights from Leslie’s 2009 Horsemanship Seminar tour, and from clinics with trainers in her program. You can also catch other news from Leslie and Diamond Lu Productions.”

There are several photo essays on the site already, each with detailed stories through the captions.

Leslie is an exceptional horsewoman who always puts the horse first, a great writer and her unique perspective on horses and horsemanship always comes through. Check her out!

Watch the feet

I’m often asking people to ask themselves, where is your horse, mentally? Is he here with you or is he mentally back at the barn or with his buddies in the pasture? There are a number of things we can look at which give us clues as to what the horse is thinking about. Let’s say you are longing. The obvious things are eyes and ears of course. We can also look at the head and neck. A kink in the neck and or tension are also give aways that the horse isn’t really OK about being on this circle with you. Another ‘tell’ is the feet. You have to look closely but where are the toes pointing? If they are pointing to the outside of the circle then this tells us that while the horse may not have acted on his thoughts it is probably only because he’s tied to you via the longe line. If the line were gone, most likely he would be too.

I was inspired to write this post because of something interesting I read today. It was an article written by a Carol Kinsey Goman, Ph.D. titled, “The Feet Don’t Lie“. In it she talks about how to tell if someone is interested in/receptive to you and/or what you are saying. How to tell? Look at the feet! If they are pointing at you then you know you are welcome. If not, not to much.

An interesting and fun fact. Although given my experience with horses, not too surprising!

A Better Way to Deal with Bad Behavior

Recently, on the Yahoo Classical Dressage group talk has turned to how to deal with ‘bad’ behavior such as biting and kicking. Absolutely all agree that this is not something that we ‘wee humans’ can really tolerate since our bodies are pretty fragile when compared to horses. They can do Real Damage to us! There is no agreement, however, as to what is the right way to deal with such behavior.

Several people weighed in with their techniques for biting or kicking back those horses who offered such behavior. I shake my head reading these suggestions. Not because I am against corporal punishment (even though I am) but because in my view the better solution is to avoid a situation in which I get bit or kicked in the first place. Not too many people are even suggesting that maybe the horse is biting for a reason and maaaaybe someone might be missing the forest for the trees in their enthusiasm for ‘showing the horse who’s boss’.

Then, one of the list members, Audrey Summers, wrote of her experience working with some of the ‘rankest’ horses one might ever have occasion to meet on the track. I was enthralled with her story from start to finish! She was in the worst possible position and demonstrated that paying attention to the “things that happen before the thing that happens happens” and rewarding the right thing, yes, actually works to keep you safe.

There are no ‘quick fix’ solutions to real difficult problems. It always involves
paying attention as a life style. Since, I’ve said, probably more times than I can count, that we need to pay attention to the little things, long before they are big things, you can’t imagine how happy I was to read Audrey’s account. I asked her if I might publish her story here and she graciously agreed. Enjoy!

I am a five foot tall woman, and my appearance is anything but intimidating. On the track I had issues with people and horses. In trying to articulate how I was able to work with horses who are all basically big and stalled 24 hours a day except for an hour of exercise. I had a big learning curve, and I certainly got bit and kicked and pushed around (especially at first, when I thought my sympathy and admiration for these horses would keep them from hurting me). I took it so personally, getting bit, kicked, or even just ignored, and I did cry some embarrassed tears, but I had to get past that whole “Black Stallion” thing that so many kids grow up on. But there was no way I was going to be able to go into a stall and take over the space as a big man with a big voice potentially could.

I think for me it is about where you place yourself, body language and timing. And I did develop a certain tone and voice to mean business -but there is only so far I can go with that. Some of this sounds cliched -but there is also respect and being constantly listening to what horses are telling you. One of the first horses I had was one who hated to be bridled, and would practically flip over about it. What was I supposed to do at five feet tall and nervous with a Marlboro Man type exercise rider breathing down my neck to get the horse ready? I used carrots and baby talk, and practiced when things were quiet and took extreme care about how I touched his poll. It worked, and soon he dropped his head and opened his mouth -the formerly flightly flip over backward guy. And it really impressed people that this small girl could get this horse to have his bridle path clipped without a twitch. Obviously, this would not have worked with an aggressive horse, who at that point in my experience would have eaten me alive, but I was tuned in enough to see what this horse needed. I know many folks who would find many things wrong about doing it that way, or don’t want to hand feed horses, or whatever. But it worked, and I have used it again (sometimes having to put on the bridle by opening the headstall, etc) on racehorses that have driven impatient others to almost maddness and abusive by refusing to open their mouths or let it be pulled ver their head. Being only five feet tall means I have to be patient and find other means. I have been harrassed and scoffed at about being sentimental and such (what other think I’m being, anyway)-but a horse can’t train and win races if you can’t get the bridle on…

The last truly dangerous horse I worked with was a successful racehorse who was so rank he could not be galloped and was trained by jogging on a hotwalker and racing frequently. He was highly sensitive, and a cunning and ferocious biter. (He was a brilliant chesnut, with a very refined head -I thought I had met Flame from the Black Stallion series…) The trainer I worked for had more years of experience than I ever will, but he had the mindset that he could handle this horse straight on. That worked for a while until the horse grabbed him by the arm in the stall (when on the tie chain in the back) and shook him and would not let go until we ran in the stall and got the horse off of him. It was a horrible bite to the biceps, and this horse waited days for the perfect moment to make his move.

How did I manage this horse at my size? Timing, timing, timing. And always being aware of where I was spatially. Haltering him in the stall was a very careful dance. I had to wait for the right moment to move in after the teeth gnashing and rearing. I always worked with him with a chain over the nose, even when he was tied to the wall. That way I could brush him (with a very soft brush or rag -he was one of those Chihuahua coated horses that was painfully ticklish) and take my eyes off enough to groom. This was not so I could shank him, but so I could “listen” to him by feeling his energy and where his head was through the leadshank in my hand -and give a little tweak back if necessary. I would drape it over my forearm when I had to poultice his front legs and be vulnerable down there putting on bandages. I could “feel” where he was through the line.

I also adored this horse, I loved his power and honesty-and I respected that he had obviously been through a lot and still had his nobility intact -even if it made him dangerous. And did baby him in the ways I could -I gave treats by hand from outside the stall (just the right distance), lots of admiring (but not mushy) talk, was very careful not to tickle him while grooming, etc. Lots of ego boosting and reassuring stuff, which I think he needed to be a good racehorse. But I never doubted for a minute he would have really hurt me given the chance, and it was essential that I not romanticize his beauty too much. I never assumed, like my boss did, that we had a certain understanding between us, or that I had him figured out. Everyday I had to be at my best. The last day I worked in that barn I finished working on him and was in the aisle picking up my stuff when he just managed to nip me on the back of my ribs. It was a horrible nip that was a blood bruise, the only thing saving me was that I wasn’t closer. I remember looking at him and seeing the gleam in his eye -a very malicious “Gotcha!” So in no way had the rapport changed and we become friends or whatever. I hadn’t changed him or understood him in a certain way that unlocked him or made him better (which wasn’t my job). I just figured out how to be around him without getting killed.

Ideally, he would have been taken out of racing and allowed to be a regular horse and had his behavior addressed in a long term way. I doubt that he would ever be a safe horse, and wonder what happened to him. But I know in that environment, woe to the person who kicked him in the belly or tried to bite back, or really discipline him. I have seen horses get ruined, break through stalls walls and tear themselves apart when someone (usually men, but not always)has enough and isn’t going to put up with what a horse is doing or “getting away” with anymore. I learned a lot and got to take care of some pretty nice horses who drove other grooms crazy because I could work around their issues and they could get to the races. But I had to be very flexible, what where I was, and learn good timing, among all those other little hard to articulate things. How do explain that or recommend things to do -very hard, and one is often misunderstood or seen as cruel or brutish.

And finally (sorry for the long post, my toddler is not going to give me time to edit it down), I don’t work on the track anymore, and I would never tolerate that kind of behavior or continue being around a horse like that if I couldn’t improve him and remove the danger. I wouldn’t ask a horse to be in that state of mind or stay in sport or situation that necessitated him being that amped up or unhappy. Fortunately, I have not run into anything close to that kind of stuff in the recreational boarding barns I now inhabit, but I do see many horses getting away with obnoxious behavior and pushing their owners around, nipping, etc. And, as this thread demonstrates to me, it is harder than it seems to try to explain or show people what you may want to recommend, even the basic stuff. And even in the extreme if a horse needs a more physical response, I am not sure how to endorse it without being misunderstood.
–Audrey

Whole Heart, Whole Horse by Mark Rashid

book_wholeIn Whole Heart, Whole Horse , through stories about his days as a kid working for the “Old Man” as well as people he’s met through years of doing clinics, Marks brings the process of building trust between the horse and rider to life.   As is typical for Mark’s books, this is not a ‘how-to’ book.  Having tried to write something of a how-to book I can appreciate his desire to avoid that.  So instead he focuses on our attitude and though processes which I know have a huge impact on our success (or lack thereof) with horses.

Mark sold me on his philosophy about how he wanted to be with a horse way back when I read his first book.  Each book since then has added a little more to the story.  This book is no exception.  Mark is a great storyteller and draws you into his world easily.

If we can read a book and come away with a passage or two that resonates, I think it was a book worth reading.  Here’s one that I underlined:

“One of the reasons some folks aren’t sure of the difference between a horse that is willingly available and one that is simply available is that so many horses out there today are light, but not necessarily soft.   As a result, a lot of folks at one time or another have probably ridden a light and thought is was soft, when in reality there is a sizable difference between the two (in my opinion).

The difference for me is that lightness is primarily on the outside of the horse and is mostly technique-based, while softness comes from the inside of the horse and is a combination of technique, trust, conviction, and feel that is exchanged between rider and horse and back again.  Softness is a conversation and a way to be, rather than a thing to do.”

Words worth pondering!

Developing a Soft Feel with Clicker Training

I’ve been working with a new horse recently. It has been so interesting because it has given me a chance to really think about what I click for in the beginning, especially when the horse isn’t “with me”. I wanted to write it down while it was still fresh.

This mare is 10 years old, and pretty set in her ways of bracing and leaving when she is uncertain.

The first session I spent just getting to know her in the stall and turning her on to c/t. She got it pretty quick.

Next session in the round pen she was so far gone (mentally back at the paddock with her herd mates) that food wasn’t even on the radar. I spent the whole time just patting the ground with the longe whip to get her attention. Starting with an ear. She’s flighty, so you blow on her and she was cantering around. Not what I wanted but it was where she was at. I waited. I wanted her to stop and check in with me when I tapped the ground with the whip. Owner asked, won’t this be expecting too much if the whip has always meant go? I just shrugged and smiled…Oh ye of little faith. (to tell the truth, I wasn’t even all that sure if it would be possible that day) I persisted. Eventually the mare did stop and looked at me, a little cock to her head. What??? I said, to the mare, nothing, just that. Thanks! The owner was surprised! So, slowly, she started to let thoughts of the other horses who she was fretting about not being able to see go. When she finally walked over she was calm and a little more ready to let me in. We quit for the day. The owner, being a quick study, followed up with the mare a couple times and told me that things went quite smoothly.

I wanted to see how the mare felt on the lead rope so the next time I worked with her (a couple weeks later) we did some rope work. I introduced following a feel left, right and down because she harbors a lot of tension in her neck. The idea is to show her that my feel through the lead rope to the halter (eventually reins to the bit) can be a Comfort and she can relax. I c/t this a lot. I take note that she loses her ability to stay with me if she gets going too fast. So, I take trotting off the table. I concentrate just on c/t for following that feel down and little inside flexions. When I lose her mentally I notice she refuses the food. When she is starting to offer some stretching down and is a little more relaxed, I quit.

The next visit was a week or so later. Back in the round pen on the lead rope. To start she is a lot more OK which was pretty cool right there. I continue with following a feel down (nose to the ground) and lateral flexions. It needs to be softly offered. I am clicking a lot but I’m also very conscious of how it feels in my hand. If it is pushy or hard I wait, keep asking for soft, click for soft–staying with me. I don’t feed if she looks off into the distance after the click. I click for behavior and feed for position. In this context that means that after I click I ask her to turn her face to me, really look at me (typically I’m standing at her shoulder), in order to get the food. Everything between the click and the actual delivery counts.

People often ask if they should perfect one behavior before moving on. I don’t. To me it isn’t the individual specific behaviors like turning or head down or whatever that a the most crucial thing. How it feels is what is crucial. So, in performing these various moves I have numerous opportunities to clarify my intent vis a vis the FEEL of it. So, with the mare I move between the ‘head down’ work (follow a feel down) and little turns on the rope. Some times, I see if she can follow a feel through an inside turn, click for walking, click for tipping her head in the right direction, click for stepping the shoulder through, this gets pretty good. Sometimes, I see if she can follow a feel through an outside turn, that one she has to follow the feel away from me and ‘unwind’. She finds this really difficult to the left, the side she really protects. I stay there a little bit and work on just the softening aspects and then continue. I go back and forth, checking on the little pieces, integrating, seeing how things have softened up how much more willing she is.

We were at this quite a while. The owner notes that after 1.5hrs the mare is still very present and significantly more relaxed. In the past, the mare would have long since lost her patience and her willingness. In fact, she might have become more braced, rather than less. We both view this as a very good sign indeed. :-)

My newly acquired massage experience is factoring in too, which is so cool. In previous posts I’ve mentioned how Jim Masterson’s method depends on getting feedback from the horse. A lot of ‘eye blinking’ and ‘lip twitching’ tells us that the horse is aware of our presence on a spot they are concerned about. Time spent on this area with gentle touching/massage eventually leads to lip licking/releasing, sometimes yawning. :-) SO interesting to see this mare processing like this when I’m in ‘waiting for a change” through a feel on the rope, I gently stay with it (sending the tiniest of gentle massages through the line) and just like with the massage, she softens and releases with lips licking. I notice that this is pretty much the same thing Phillipe Karl does with his flexions with the bridle.

I will continue in this manner each time I work with the horse testing to see if I can go a little further or deeper until I can have that same soft feel in all gaits on the ground and under saddle.

The mare’s owner and I were talking later about how HARD this process is to articulate. Which is why step by step written instructions are so inadequate. It is NOT a linear process! It is all about how it feels. You present a thought, you wait for a reply, and then you respond. You go back and forth like this until there is clarity between you. What I’ve described here is about a given horse on a set of given days at the beginning of our journey together. Your horse’s situation might have me doing much the same or I might need to adapt my approach to accommodate some unique challenge the horse presents for whatever reason. Hopefully, even with that in mind this story might be useful to read!

Horses don’t hide their emotions

Recently, Dr. Deb Bennett posted this excellent essay on the forum at her Equine Studies Institute site. Here are just a few quotes to entice you to read the whole thing.

On the horse’s fear:

“Why this is, is that horses, more than most other creatures, embody their feelings and thoughts: they ‘body them forth’. No horse that spooks and runs away does it because of effort by his muscles, even though effort by his muscles is what moves his legs. A horse runs away because he is frightened: the adrenalin is pumping: the thoughts are not focused on any task but mere escape and survival. The muscles are the slaves of the emotions, and thus, any rider who tries to stop a runaway with the bit is addressing the wrong part of the animal. Getting the horse stopped once the emotions have taken over is both difficult and chancy.”

On our role at Teacher for the horse:

“The teacher’s task is to explain what she wants the student to do, in a step-by-step manner. The greatest challenge for the teacher is to find and maintain the maturity, mental flexibility, and creativity to be able to RE-explain something when the horse doesn’t get it the first time — re-explain it in a different way, with variety in the variation, so as to give the horse a different angle on it to help him to get it. When the penny drops, you might say, the physical tension in the horse will long since have dropped, too. Curiosity and engagement are the primary antidote to fear.

Do check out the rest!

A-B-C to “War and Peace”

The English language has just 26 letters. And out of those letters we can express an infinite number of ideas once we learn how to string those letters together into words and sentences. We begin that process as children, first learning A-B-C’s. Initially we have no idea what the point of all those shapes and sounds might be. According to my friend, Heather, who did her doctoral thesis on childhood language development, there is an ah-ha moment for the child when he or she realizes that there is a correlation between the shapes, sounds, and words.

I thought that was really interesting and helped me to formulate yet another training analogy!

When we begin training with a horse we start with the equivalent of the “alphabet”, those basic components upon which everything else is constructed. For me the basic components (A-B-C’s) are simple things like “look this way” ,”move your feet”, and “stop”. We can work on these basics in a stall or round-pen or on a lead rope. Actually all three is ideal. This is not un-like kindergarten where children learn letters exist and how to say them.

But there would be no point in teaching children the letters of the alphabet without the teacher recognizing that the goal is to get to reading and writing. In other words, it is the stringing of the letters together that is important, not the letters themselves, per se. I view horse training as a process of developing a mutually agreeable language: the language of “feel”. And, while we start with “letters” the point is to get to “reading”, reading each other through feel.

So, I’m not going to spend a lot of time making “A”,”B”, or “C” perfect as stand alone things.  I want to see the horse have his own ‘ah-ha’ moment about the conversation we can have once we understand each other.  This is why I don’t delay starting to put things together as soon as possible.  If I have just a few things going pretty well — stop, go, and turn — I can construct just about any thing I might want to do on horse back out of them.

Video: Connected Riding and Groundwork

This video features the work of Peggy Cummings.  It has a lot to offer in terms of finding a balanced seat and feel and showing how these factors can really influence the horse’s relaxation and balance.  There are concepts that are near and dear to my heart so it was a pleasure to see the same ideas reiterated with different words.  There were a few before and after examples in which these changes were demonstrated.  This is a good video watch for those who are working on establishing these most fundamental of basics in themselves and in their horse.

There were a couple of unique features of her work.  One unique thing was the way she utilized a halter and some rope for her groundwork.  She didn’t discuss it specifically so I had to make some assumptions about her goal with the set up.  She used a regular leather halter with fleece padding the nose band.  Then she took what looked like a length of climbing rope and threaded it somehow through the side rings to end up with the rope criss-crossed over the fleece padded nose.  The result was a kind of make-shift side-pull.  I got the impression that the gain out of all that was snug but comfortable head gear, all the better to transmit ‘feel’ to the horse.  I’m all ‘for’ that!

The other aspect to her work was the way she used ‘combing’ or stroking the reins.  She did this both in the saddle as well as on the ground.  It seemed to me the benefit of that technique was that it presented a softly mobile contact with the horse’s mouth (or head when on the ground).  Those who ride with me will frequently hear about keeping the shoulders mobile so that the horse doesn’t ever encounter a static/stiff feel.  It seemed to me that the stroking/combing technique filled a similar niche.

All in all a worthwhile experience watching this one.

Asking permission

The question was, how do you ask the horse for permission to approach?  Everyone is concerned about the horse respecting their space.  I say that it is equally important for us to respect the horse’s space.  That means we don’t just go invading the horse’s space without his permission.  So, you ask, how do you ask permission?  How do you know you have it.

You watch the horse for signs as you approach.  If I walk toward a horse and the horse stands there and looks at me  with a pleasant expression that is a welcoming signal, I can continue my approach.  If the horse isn’t looking at me I will stop a little ways away and pat my leg.  Just a way to say, Hello? I’m knocking.  Horse looks up with a peaceful look that says, Welcome.  If the horse turns away, not a good sign.  If the horse walks away, hmm, definitely not a Welcome signal. LOL  It is really pretty much that simple.  The horse might let you get ‘so close’ and THEN walk away.  Many times people will grab at the horse at this moment.  Not a way to build trust.

Another thing I see a lot is the horse may let you stand close but will not let you touch his face (run your hand down the front of his face).  When you reach for him, he pulls his face away.  Don’t touch me–that is too close.  But people insist on touching anyway.  Ignore the sign.  Funny how we think it is okay to ignore the signs the horse is offering that say, that is too close.  And, then turn around and get mad when the horse does the same to us!

I won’t stroke a face that isn’t offered softly.  If, as I reach up, he takes his head away I will back up a little and pat my leg, Hello? I’m knocking.  I wait and keep asking, perhaps change my position, call the horse’s attention to me…can I stroke your face?  I will persist but not force.  When the horse accepts my approach then I might just run my hand briefly down his nose and walk away.  I won’t over stay my welcome.  In this way, I show the horse I’m not going to MAKE him put up with this for long.  More and more, he stays longer.  Then I can show how useful I can be with ear massage and maybe demonstrate I can be trusted.

In the same vein we might ask, how do I see the horse asking if he can approach?  Well, I suspect that if we were horses we would have not been so sloppy and left the door continually open.  So, many of our horses have gotten in the habit of not asking permission, just barging in!   It is up to us to decide if the ‘door’ open or closed.  When the horse ‘tries the handle’ it can either be locked or not.  How do we lock it?  We need to see the horse coming and tell him to stop right there when he gets to the ‘door’.  Actually we really need to tell him to stop before he gets to the door.  The ‘door’ is where ever we determine it is.  It is the edge of your personal space.

If the horse is already standing several feet away we again must watch carefully.  Before the feet move there will be a little shift of weight, perhaps a lean if you will, that indicates the horse is thinking about taking a step forward.  That is the ‘ask’ from the horse.  Right then, before a step is taken, you must be able to tell him, stay there.  If you say nothing at that moment the horse will assume that the door is open and come forward.  This is the same concept discussed in a previous post about inadvertently rewarding undesired behavior simply by allowing it to occur.  For best results we must reward only behavior we want